The concept of exotic charged dust is introduced here to represent dark matter. The term “exotic” means that the dust is not composed of normal matter, and the charge-for lack of a better term-is not an electric charge. It is also shown that the often-used approximate
expression for dark matter density corresponds to an exact solution of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell equations for charged dust. The Einstein field equations tells us is that for a flat universe the cosmological constant acts as a gravitating negative energy distribution that is gravitationally repulsive; following Schwinger, it is shown that the vacuum must have a negative energy spectrum if QFT is to be gauge invariant.
GAZA & THE BOMBING OF CITIES AND CIVILIANS
Before the beginning of WW-II, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain of Britain said in parliament that it was “against international law to bomb civilians as such and to make deliberate attacks on the civilian population.” U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt called civilian bombing “inhuman barbarism.” How cities and their populations during WW-II became military targets in violation of international conventions is explained in this essay.
In has been claimed that the high level of civilian deaths in the 2024 Gaza war is due to Israel dropping some five hundred 2000 pound “bunker busting bombs” in Gaza. It is shown hthat this is not the case.
The number of civilian deaths in Gaza is not exceptionally high in comparison with past wars, and the number would be significantly less if it were not for the well-known Hamas policy of deliberately placing military facilities in high population density areas.
http://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/Gaza-the-Bombing-of-Cities-and-Civilians.pdf
HAMAS, HEZBOLLAH, AND THE WAR IN GAZA
This article, available in pdf format via the link below, supplies the background needed for an informed opinion on the war in Gaza.
http://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/Hamas-Hezbollah-and-the-War-in-Gaza-WS.pdf